As of the writing of this article President Elect Trump will win the popular vote by around 2% and 3 million votes or so and walk into office with a 53-47 Republican Senate Majority and a slim 220/222 – 215/23 House Majority. No modern day President will walk into office with narrower margins after a successful election with a trifecta since George Bush in 2000. Keep in mind Reagan governed with divided government his entire time, Clinton had an almost 100 seat edge in the House and 12 seat edge in the Senate in 1992 while Bush walked into office in 2000 with a tied Senate and only 22 seats in the House. Only after 2002 and 2004 did Bush have solid majorities. As for Obama, he is the only modern President to have 60 seats in the Senate and a massive majority in the House.
Trump came into office in 2017 with 52 Senate seats and 241 seats in the House. This go -round, he will have one more seat in the Senate but drastically less seats in the House. Quite a few Democrats will sit in Trump districts thanks to his numbers in many blue districts and states.
So, the question has to be asked why? Well, let’s state the obvious. America is in the midst of a realignment. Not even the most establishment hacks will deny this. Realignments, historically, take time to filter through the system and are subject to external factors (voter systems, gerrymandering, incumbent bonus, etc.). Much of the chronically online analysis of Trump and the weakness of down-ballot Republicans has focused on traditional right/eft wing political tropes and divides. The right is generally divided between conservative vs. establishment and where funding went (particularly in the Senate) and the Left has found hope in how strong their incumbents ran because voters still agree with us on the issues. It was just “Kamala.”
It also is true there was an incumbent bonus. Tammy Baldwin in Wisconsin ran head of Harris by about 2 points, Jacky Rosen in Nevada ran about 3 points ahead, even Bob Casey in Pennsylvania ran a couple points ahead. Meanwhile, Brown in Ohio and Tester in Montana ran five to 10 points ahead. Admittedly, these are just Senate races and if Trump had won states like Wisconsin by larger margins he would have carried a bigger Senate majority with him. Meanwhile, in the House, the incumbent bonus allowed Democrats to hold traditionally red seats like OH – 9 and ME -2 and also gain back blue seats in NY, OR and CA.
An additional factor is Trump’s dominance nationally. Trump won districts nobody was thinking about such as NJ – 09 (a Biden + 19 district). Trump only was able to win the popular vote by scoring historical margins among Hispanics, Asians and Blacks. But, that also meant his coalition was inefficiently distributed since Trump got more votes in dark blue states and districts but rarely enough to carry Republican candidates, again, because of the incumbent bonus and gerrymandering.
But, how do you explain Southern Texas then? Trump wiped the floor with Harris there but Democratic incumbents won both districts narrowly. The incumbent bonus can only explain so much. Well, that is where the realignment thesis comes in.
Historically, realignments start at the top of the ticket and it takes time to filter down to Congress and the states. The most recent example of this we have is Nixon in 1972. When he won a landslide in 1972 Democrats easily maintained their control of the House and Senate. Throughout his tenure Reagan dealt with a divided government while even Clinton ran as a moderate. It was only in 94, when the only alternative to a check on a Dem President was a GOP Congress that the realignment of Southern whites hit full steam and Democrats suffered the loss of their 40 year House Majority. Throughout that 40 year history of 54 – 94 (or even just the narrower 72 – 94 time frame) Democrats held many districts Republican Presidents won, 2024 is no different.
The factors mentioned above only exacerbate this dynamic. Sticking with Southern Texas as an example, it is very analogous to many former Southern, white Democrats. Longtime incumbents who sat in districts for decades, had their own brands, and thus were insulated from the realignment occurring at the Presidential level. In OH – 9 with Marcy Kaptur, ME – 2 with Jared Golden, and Henry Cuellar in TX 28, these clearly red districts did not view their Congressman or woman through the same lens as the Presidential contest.
So, what does this mean going forward? Well, it likely means the scope of the realignment won’t be realized until 2028 or beyond in the House (I assume Republicans are punished as is normal in the midterms). Short term, or I guess shorter term, the locus of power for the GOP will be in Senate. States cannot be gerrymandered fortunately. However, in close races, the incumbent bonus does matter. That partially explains how Democrats can have 10 Senators – 2 – AZ, 2 – GA, 1 – PA, 1 – WI, 2 – MI, and 2 – NV) in states Trump won in 16 and/or 24. Even so, due to how red formerly purple Midwestern states (OH, IA) and Florida have become and no Democrat now occupies greater than a R +3 state, Democrats ability to reach 50/51 seats in the Senate is extremely limited. Nothing similar can be said yet for the House.



